5g core network architecture geeksforgeeks. 2 of 3GPP’s Technical Specification 23.

The 5G core network architecture is designed to support these features and provide a platform for new services and applications. Apr 6, 2023 · It is a core network element responsible for managing the sessions between user devices and the network. 5G Core Network and Service Based Architecture The course will allow attendees the opportunity to examine Core Network Functions such as their particular role within the SBA, their overall purpose, and the features or services they support. glustsov@intel. Jul 10, 2024 · 5G network slicing is the process of establishing several virtual networks within a single physical 5G network setup. What is Network Topology? Jan 5, 2023 · Edge Computing enables data to be analysed, processed, and transferred at the edge of a network. user can be part of a local network sitting at a remote location. The name only suggests that it is a Virtual “private network” i. Jun 15, 2021 · In LTE Core Network, all data plane traffic must go through a single node type called Packet Data Network Gateway (P-GW). Apr 23, 2021 · The 5G core (5GC) network architecture differentiates the overall 5G system from the core networks of the previous generation mobile communication systems. Service base architecture of 5g core Network will support virtualization deployment. Radio Access Network is composed of NodeB and RNC. network elements. 15. 984. Oct 10, 2022 · The time it takes for the network to respond. Team, 5GX Technology Group DongJin Lee 5G Core Architect, dongjin@sk. The architecture is based on a flexible and cloud-native design, enabling efficient deployment and scalability. V-Band Microwaves works within short distance but has high-capacity of data transmission. With the more control over the establishment of 5G architecture, private 5G also the typically has better network connectivity than public 5G. The control plane is a designed as a set of Network Functions (NFs). In order to well understand the architecture of LTE network, we need to know what is the difference between the control plane, and the user plane. With addition of more base stations increases Jun 23, 2023 · SAE, which stands for System Architecture Evolution, is a telecommunications standard that defines the core network architecture for 4G and 5G mobile networks. Distributed Unit (DU) provides real-time processing and coordinates lower layer protocols including Physical Layer, Radio Link Control (RLC ), and Media Access Control (MAC). Users can use them to connect to a particular network. Computer Organization and Architecture is used to design computer systems. NoSQL is a type of database which helps to perform operations on big data and store it in a valid format. Apr 1, 2024 · Client-Server Model: Follows a client-server architecture for requesting and serving resources. Every node is made of a processor, main memory, and disk. It makes use of tunneling protocols to establish a secure connection. It begins by reviewing the architecture of the evolved packet core and laying out the Jul 2, 2019 · Traditionally, networks are controlled by hardware devices like routers and switches, which can be complex and hard to configure. It is also used in 5G Networks. 5G Core (5GC) network architecture implementation doesn't exactly follow the network evolution upgrade path as previously followed by 2G, 3G, and 4G networks and this is what makes 5G Architecture very different from its predecessors. The network architecture of GBON various FTTx architecture is given below as follows. SMF stands for Session Management Function. This article will going explains most of the common Linux network commands in a very easy way and It also has a cheat sheet about these commands. Apr 25, 2023 · It means a user can link a docker container to many networks. The goal of the OAI-5G Core Network (CN) project group is to provide a 3GPP-Compliant 5G Standalone (SA) CN implementation with a rich feature set. Developers and network admins need to know Linux network commands well. The 5G Core Network is built around a Service-Based Architecture (SBA), which decouples network functions and allows for more efficient service orchestration and deployment. 5G-enabled devices are connected to 5G RAN, which also connects to the 5G core network, and finally, the 5GC connects to the internet and other services and applications. Here is the protocol architecture for 5g NR. One of the biggest features of 5G network is its ridiculously negligible latency (the delay before a transfer of data begins following an instruction for its transfer). Platform independence: Works on any operating system Jun 3, 2024 · Core Network: The Core Network manages all the data and internet connections for the 5G Wireless Technology. Connections to these wireless networks are usually maintained by a Network Interface Card (NIC) or Network adapters. To comply with strict performance requirements for the 5G networks, the optimal deployment can be done by relying on increased intelligence, flexibility, and automation in the Mar 10, 2022 · Abstract: This article proposes a new infrastructure-free service architecture for the 6G core network. Apr 26, 2024 · In Private 5G networks are also more secure than public networks, as private 5G networks are largely controlled by the private companies that own the network security. com SeongJun Lee 5G Core Architect, seoul. These devices need strong upstream connectivity to the LAN and likely out to the internet as well. Thus, we propose 5G-WAVE, a decentralized authorization framework for the 5G core by leveraging the WAVE framework and integrating it into the OpenAirInterface (OAI) 5G core. 5G Network Architecture – GeeksforGeeks May 16, 2024 · Client-Server Architecture: Client-Server Architecture is a type of Computer Network Architecture in which Nodes can be Servers or Clients. SDN stands for Software Defined Network which is a networking architecture approach. com HyunJun Choi 5G Core Architect, chj@sk. This paper in the Cisco® 5G Strategy Series includes an overview of general architectural design principles for 5G; a look at the evolution of flexible mobile services; and descriptions of service function chaining, the 5G core architecture, network transport protocols, and fixed-mobile convergence (FMC) in a 5G network. It provides regional, nationwide and global wireless coverage. The core network is part of the three layers of network architecture: This site is for everything on 5G/NR. 1 The Driving Force Behind Network Architecture Transformation 1. Jun 20, 2024 · The Architecture of GSM. In this article, we'll explore the technical Mar 12, 2018 · We propose a novel cellular core network architecture, SoftBox, combining software-defined networking and network function virtualization to achieve greater flexibility, efficiency, and scalability compared to today's cellular core. Jun 14, 2022 · All elements in the 5G will change into network functions and thus they will be able to discover other network functions. Aligned with 5G use cases, SoftBox enables the creation of customized, low latency, and signaling-efficient services on a per user equipment (UE) basis. The 5G core network is often referred to as the "5G Core" or "5GC. It can be used in various places like schools, hospitals, buildings, roads, etc for various applications like disaster management, security management, crisis management, etc. Each slice functions as an independent, end-to-end network with its own dedicated resources, services, and management. Risks of NFV: Security hazards do exist, though, and network functions virtualization security issues have shown to be a barrier to widespread adoption among telecom companies. This separation allows network operators to dynamically allocate resources, improve network scalability, and provide better Quality of Service Jul 18, 2024 · Fog computing also known as fog networking or fogging, is a decentralized computing architecture that brings cloud computing capabilities to the network’s edge. , it offer around 10 – 12Gbps compared to 4G’s 10-12Mbps. Mar 10, 2022 · Architecture Pattern is a logical way of categorizing data that will be stored on the Database. 5G is also designed to deliver signals more reliably than previous cellular networks. For the Companies contract with Feb 14, 2022 · Android devices like mobiles and tablets are available with SIM card slots. And a big advantage of the 5G Core Network is that it can integrate with the internet much more efficiently and it also provides additional services like 1. Also, 5G will apply a great push to cloud technologies as the new telecommunication architecture requires all the nodes to be reusable and scalable. They consist of a set of mobile nodes connected wirelessly in a self-configured, self-healing network without having a fixed infrastructure. Q6. This tutorial on UMTS covers network architecture in UMTS system. Successors of LTE are LTE advanced and LTE advanced pro, that were standardized in year 2011 and 2013. Dec 6, 2019 · This chapter presents an overview of the different 5G architectures and then covers in more details the radio access network (RAN) architecture and interfaces as well as the 5G Core (5GC) network with key elements and functionalities. WAN(Wide Area Network): A Wide Area Network is a large area than the LAN. The Core Container provides the fundamental functionality of Jan 26, 2021 · The UE will then have bearer set up for 4g as well as 5G NR. The main motive of this architecture is to remove the contention among nodes. Core network software takes the burden off the backs of core networks by ensuring the consistent and highest possible quality of service, reducing downtime and mean time to repair, and ultimately driving customer satisfaction. Some challenges are: Proposing a novel solution that addresses the overall network architecture and the interconnection of the network nodes that use different technology. This is Mar 19, 2023 · Its architecture is designed around two core principles: Dependency Injection (DI) and Aspect-Oriented Programming (AOP). Dec 7, 2023 · The 5G protocol stack architecture is a set of protocols and procedures that define how communication occurs in a 5G network. 5G RAN is the latest architecture in wireless communication and uses 5G radio frequencies to provide wireless connectivity to devices. " Here are some Dec 17, 2023 · The 5G Core separates the control plane from the user plane. Roaming in the 5G System: The 5GS Roaming Architecture Abstract: Roaming extends the coverage of a home operator's services, allowing its mobile users to use those services within another operator's network, which may be in another country (international roaming) or in the same country (national roaming). IoT architecture can differ greatly based on execution; it must be flexible enough for open protocols to handle many network applications. Here, the server node can manage the Client Node Behaviour. Circuit Switching: It uses Circuit Switched Network in which Nov 17, 2023 · The 5G Evolved Packet Core (EPC) is a key component of the 5G network architecture that provides the core network functions for handling data traffic, signaling, and mobility management. e. It also improves energy efficiency and provides a more stable network connection. Network Topology is a topological structure of a network and may be depicted physically or logically. The proposed service architecture aims to reinvent and extend the scope of the 3GPP 5G Service Based Architecture (SBA) with focus on simplification of the overall functional split, low latency of procedures and very high flexibility in deployment and runtime. What is virtualization? A. Figure 1 shown above s Oct 17, 2023 · Network slicing is a pivotal concept in the realm of 5G. 0 GHz. The Three Layers of Network Architecture. Section 6. 5GC is the new 3GPP standard for core networks defining how the core network should evolve to support the needs of 5G New Radio (NR) and the advanced use cases enabled by it. In this article, we will discuss everything about GPRS architecture. However, with the broadening interface, some key NFs may become more vulnerable to internal hostile NFs or external malicious entities, which pose Apr 20, 2024 · The Network Repository Function (NRF) acts as a central OpenAuthorization (OAuth) 2. These are: 1. It introduces several key concepts and components compared to previous generations (2G, 3G, and 4G). Bridge: It is the default network driver. 501 version 15. This centralized architecture is advantageous in terms of operation and management. 0 GHz-90. Feb 27, 2019 · The most essential new core network concepts in 5G are thus the separation of user plane and control plane, network slicing, and service-based architecture (SBA). Jan 15, 2024 · In the 5G Core (5GC) network architecture, the Network Repository Function (NRF) plays a crucial role in facilitating service discovery and enabling dynamic network function selection. Advantages. As a result, network capabilities may be updated or added instantly. LAN(Local Area Network): It is a collection of computers connected to each other in a small area for example school, office, or building. Core Network is composed of circuit switched and packet switched functional modules. 5G networks are based on a new technology called New Radio (NR), which offers even faster data transfer speeds and lower latency than 4G networks. Dec 5, 2023 · Core Network: The 5G core network, also known as the 5G Core (5GC), is a cloud-native architecture that is designed to be flexible, scalable, and support network slicing. In this regard, 5G mobile network architecture needs to be redesigned to Jul 20, 2022 · Next Generation Network (NGN) refers to a packet-based network and it can be used for both telecommunication services as well as data and it supports mobility. 0 server to secure inter-VNF communications resulting in a single point of failure. Apr 1, 2021 · The 5G core (5GC) network architecture differentiates the overall 5G system from the core networks of the previous generation mobile communication systems. E-Band Microwaves is used in wireless networks in urban and metropolitan areas. 2017 is also described. LTE (4G) Network Architecture - Control Plane vs. To comply with strict performance requirements for the 5G networks, the optimal deployment can be done by relying on increased intelligence, flexibility, and automation in the Dec 11, 2020 · This is the first of two chapters on the 5G system architecture, which focusses specifically on the core network. May 21, 2024 · Linux is a very popular operating system. Peer-to-Peer Architecture: In P2P (Peer-to-Peer) Architecture, there is not any concept of a Central Server. It involves the creation of multiple virtual networks, or “slices,” within a single physical infrastructure. Request Methods: Supports various methods like GET, POST, PUT, DELETE for different actions on resources. Meaning, the data is analysed locally, closer to where it is stored, in real-time without latency. 0 (2018-06) Intellectual Property Rights Essential patents IPRs essential or potentially essential to normative deliverables may have been declared to ETSI. 2 The Service-Driven 5G Architecture End-to-End Network Slicing for Multiple Industries Based on One Physical Infrastructure Reconstructing the RAN with Cloud 3. LTE interface is incompatible with 2G and 3G networks, so it is operated on different radio spectrum. NSS is the core network of GSM. The new 5G core, as defined by 3GPP, utilizes cloud-aligned, service-based architecture (SBA) that spans across all 5G functions and interactions including authentication, security, session management Oct 15, 2020 · Earlier this year, Samsung announced the commercialization of its new carrier-grade, fully-virtualized 5G Radio Access Network solution , that consists of a virtualized Central Unit (vCU), a virtualized Distributed Unit (vDU), and a wide range of radios. 501 provides a detailed description of the role and functions of SMF. The following figure illustrates […] EU-Vietnam Business Network (EVBN) > Noindex > 5G Network Architecture – GeeksforGeeks. Oct 8, 2023 · This band is basically used in 5G communication. Advantages : It offer The service-based architecture (SBA) of 5G Core (5GC) introduces significant landscape changes to the modern communication and network system, and the network slicing enables different Network Functions (NFs) to meet diverse service requirements. The architecture is based on the principles of the OSI (Open Systems Interconnection) model, which consists of seven layers. As shown in the figure there are three main components in UMTS network architecture, User Equipments is composed of Mobile Equipment (ME) and USIM. The UMTS network architecture is a complex system that provides various functionalities to ensure seamless communication. SDN changes this by separating the control of the network (the decisions about where data goes) from the actual movement of data. It is organized into layers, each responsible for specific functions. There are 2 types of architecture used in WSN: Layered Network Architecture, and Clustered Architecture. Sep 28, 2022 · The CU is connected between the 5G core network and the DUs. OAI 5G CN is designed and implemented in a flexible way which can be easily adapted to fulfill the needs of diversified 5G use-cases. BSS having two components BTS and BSC. Nov 17, 2023 · The 5G core network architecture is designed to support the advanced capabilities and requirements of 5G wireless communication. Jun 11, 2024 · Plus, C-RAN makes it easier to upgrade the network and add new features, like super-fast 5G speeds. Each NF exposes one or more services. It is widely used because of its flexibility and a wide variety of services. 1 Multi-Connectivity Is Key to High Speed and Reliability 3. This method intends to increase efficiency, minimize latency, and improve data processing capabilities. Many people use it. In the second blog post of the series, we discussed the 5G Core, its architecture, and how it stands apart from its predecessors, the role of cloud-native architectures, the concept of network slicing, and how these elements come together to define the 5G Network Architecture. Jun 10, 2024 · In Computer Networks, Network Topology is the arrangement of the various elements of a communication network. architecture geeksforgeeks 5g network architecture core ran security architecture for 5g what web the 5g core network architecture is at the heart of Nov 1, 2022 · LTE based architecture is called Evolved Packet Core (EPC) architecture and it replaces GPRS Core Network architecture used earlier. It is spread Jul 11, 2022 · The GSM architecture is made up of three central systems. Q7. In this article, we are going to discuss network topology and its various types. The 5G core (5GC) authenticates controls, enforces policies, and manages the mobility of the 5G devices to ensure reliable, secure connectivity to the network. SoftBox . Here's a detailed technical explanation of the purpose of NRF: 1. Dec 26, 2023 · WWAN : WWAN (Wireless Wide Area Network) is a WAN (Wide Area Network) and the only thing is that the connectivity is wireless. Jan 18, 2023 · The transition from wired networks to wireless networks is very much evident in the past 2-3 years. Below is a detailed technical explanation of the 5G network architecture: 1. PDN refers to Public Data Network , and it is the network that the UE would like to connect to. E-Band Microwaves (Millimeter Waves): Frequency range of E-Band Microwaves is 60. Below, I'll explain the key components and their functionalities in Jun 7, 2024 · The Visual Geometry Group (VGG) models, particularly VGG-16 and VGG-19, have significantly influenced the field of computer vision since their inception. SAE is primarily associated with the Long Term Dec 28, 2023 · The 5G network architecture is designed to meet the increasing demands of mobile broadband services and to support a vast array of use cases, including IoT, mission-critical services, and enhanced mobile broadband. One CU can be connected to multiple DUs. 0 Release 15 2 ETSI TS 123 501 V15. Dec 26, 2023 · UMTS (Universal Mobile Telecommunications System) is a third-generation (3G) mobile communication technology that was designed to offer high-speed data and voice services to mobile users. Architecture Patterns of NoSQL: The data is stored in NoSQL in any of t Dec 20, 2023 · The 5G Core (5GC) network is designed to provide an agile, scalable, and flexible network architecture to support various 5G services and use cases. Three-Tier Network Architecture 5G networks can Dec 14, 2023 · The 5G Standalone (SA) Core Network Architecture is designed to provide enhanced capabilities and support new use cases compared to previous generations of mobile networks. It requires very less OS instances to run the workload. 3 layer IoT architecture : A three-layer architec Oct 1, 2021 · In simple words, Cloud Computing is the process of providing computing services like networks, storage, database, etc. It is able to make use of multiple broadband capabilities, especially Quality of Services (QoS) enabled transport technologies where the service-related functions are independent of the underlying transport-related technologies. NR CORE - SMF. Shared Nothing Architecture : Shared nothing architecture is an architecture that is used in distributed computing in which each node is independent and different nodes are interconnected by a network. Where Wide Area Network can be wired or wireless the Wireless Wide Area Network connections are completely wireless. 5G will provide a wider range of frequency spectrum (frequency range) to prevent network congestion. User Plane. Request-Response: Operates on a request-response cycle between clients and servers. We can use this when different containers communicate with the same docker host. Service Discovery and Registration: * NRF serves as a repository for information about network Aug 17, 2023 · Welcome back to our 5G Core blog series. Yet, it could potentially pose a severe limitation when there is a huge amount of backhaul traffics in 5G. Advanced wireless networks are used to run Offices, Schools, Colleges, and many more places. Jul 22, 2022 · GPON is abbreviation for Gigabit Passive Optical Networks which is defined series G. BSS : BSS stands for Base Station Subsystem. Jul 1, 2024 · MANET stands for Mobile Adhoc Network also called a wireless adhoc network or Adhoc wireless network that usually has a routable networking environment on top of a Link Layer ad hoc network. For this reason, NFs are said to use Service-Based Interfaces (SBIs). One effort is the 5G White Paper by the Next Generation Mobile Networks (NGMN) Alliance [], which lists a very diverse set of use cases, including IoT (Internet of Things), vehicle-to-vehicle communications, controlling industrial robots, high quality media delivery, etc. In our day to day life we are using the Wir Oct 2, 2022 · Designing a converged architecture enables ubiquitous terabit wireless connectivity for human-centric mega communication. In contrast to conventional networks where all data is distributed across shared resources and rules, each slice in 5G can be configured with unique network attributes (such as bandwidth, delay, security) that are optimized for 3GPP network architecture The remainder of this paper will focus on the complete 5G end-to-end network architecture which is the combination of 5G NR and NGC. 2 MCE Cloud-Native New Core Architecture Nov 12, 2019 · Figure 1: 3G Core Network Architecture. com Intel Corporation— Data Center Group Andriy Glustsov Software Architect andriy. This page describes 5G network architecture with its elements. It has various prominent features like backup and data restoration, efficient accessibility, data security, cost-effective maintenance, and many more. Q8. Explain protocol structure in 5G? A. It is the next-generation architecture that replaces the legacy circuit-switched architecture used in older networks like 2G and 3G. Same as question 4. ETSI 3GPP TS 23. Each service offers one or more operations, implemented as RESTful APIs over HTTPS. SMF is one of the key network functions in the 5G Core Network (5GC), responsible for session management and policy 3 days ago · GPRS (General Packet Radio Service) is an expansion of GSM (Global System for Mobile Communications) networks that offer packet-switched data services. The GPRS architecture consists of different network components and interfaces that work together to provide data services. This chapter describes the service-based architecture of 5GC as the framework of operation of different network functions. The network switching system (NSS) Jun 30, 2024 · In this Computer Organization and Architecture Tutorial, you’ll learn all the basic to advanced concepts like pipelining, microprogrammed control, computer architecture, instruction design, and format. In 5G, Network Management is envisioned to be Software-driven, and Network functions & resources are SK Telecom — Core Network Dev. 2 of 3GPP’s Technical Specification 23. C-RAN Solution : Area where Network Users Concentration is high, such as transportation stations or large commercial complexes put high stress on the Base transceiver station (BTS) that serve them. lee@sk. Below is a detailed technical explanation of the UMTS It is expected that the emergence of new service scenarios driven by user needs beyond 2020 will be different from today. 3GPP 5G Core architecture. The 5G architecture consists of all RANs, aggregator, IP network, nanocore etc. In contrast to conventional networks where all data is distributed across shared resources and rules, each slice in 5G can be configured with unique network attributes (such as bandwidth, delay, security) that are optimized for Feb 23, 2023 · 5G networks, on the other hand, are designed to take mobile communication technology to the next level. 6 by ITU-T recommendation. These models, introduced by the Visual Geometry Group from the University of Oxford, stood out in the 2014 ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challenge (ILSVRC) for their deep convolutional neural networks (CNNs) with a uniform architecture. Dec 12, 2022 · Easy to configure and administer the network because of a virtualized network. In this article, we will see concepts of fog computing in detail. It is called network resource functions. Here are Jun 21, 2024 · IoT architecture is a framework that specifies the physical elements, network technical arrangement and setup, operating procedures, and data formats to be used. 3G Core Network has 4 main functions as it can be seen from figure above. 2. The EPC for 5G builds upon the architecture used in previous generations, such as 4G LTE, but it introduces new elements and capabilities to meet the The 5G core network architecture is at the heart of the new 5G specification and enables the increased throughput demand that 5G must support. Here the Mar 21, 2023 · CUPS, which stands for Control and User Plane Separation, is an architecture used in 4G and 5G networks that separates the control and user planes in the Evolved Packet Core (EPC) nodes. Each device is free for working as Oct 28, 2022 · 1. Over time, telecommunication networks have changed rapidly giving users the extent of a new band with higher data speed. Gigabit Passive Optical Networks can be transported ATM, TDM (PSTN, ISDN, E1, and E3) traffic and by Ethernet. A wireless network adapter is a device t Mar 7, 2023 · Introduction 5G (fifth generation) wireless technology is poised to revolutionize the telecommunications industry by offering faster data speeds, higher bandwidth, and lower latency. Edge computing allow data from Internet of things device to be analysed edge of network before being send to a data center or cloud. Types of Docker Network . BSS handles traffic and signaling between a mobile phone and the network switching subsystem. What are the features of 5G? A. NSS : NSS stands for Network and Switching Subsystem. A radio access network (RAN) is a key component of a mobile telecommunication system that connects devices like smartphones to a network via a radio link. But current 4G LTE (Long Term Evolution) network is not enough to fulfill arising new requirements because of fundamental problems in Evolved Packet Core (EPC), including centralized routing mechanism. com Peter McCarthy Software Architect Mar 14, 2024 · In essence, the 5G Core Network Architecture heralds a paradigm shift in wireless network design, leveraging service-based principles, cloud-native technologies, and virtualization to deliver a more adaptable, scalable, and efficient network infrastructure capable of supporting a myriad of applications and services. To comply with strict performance requirements for the 5G networks, the optimal deployment can be done by relying on increased intelligence, flexibility, and automation in the Nov 16, 2023 · Small cell hardware, such as gNodeB devices and remote radio heads and their associated interconnect cabling -- form the access edge of the 5G private network. Sep 30, 2022 · To start of 5G is going to be approximately 100-250 times faster than regular 4G connection, i. The Spring framework consists of several modules, which can be categorized into four main areas: Core Container, Data Access/Integration, Web, and Miscellaneous. g, UPF, PCF, UDM) and controls / orchastrates those network components based on request from AMF. Key components of the 5GC include: AMF (Access and Mobility Management Function): Manages the mobility of the UE, including handovers and session management. to users from anywhere and any time only with the help of the internet. 5G NR (New Radio) architecture as per 3GPP document published in dec. 5G networks also use a variety of advanced technologies, such as millimeter-wave (mmWave) and Jun 12, 2024 · Sensor Network Architecture is used in Wireless Sensor Network (WSN). 1 through G. In SBA network can be Jun 12, 2024 · PAN(Personal Area Network): It is the network connecting computer devices for personal use within a range of 10 meters. 3GPP will complete standardisation of a 5G network architecture by June 2018 with Release 15 (phase 2) which supports subscriber data management, control plane functions The subscriber 4 days ago · A Virtual Private Network is a way to extend a private network using a public network such as the Internet. Simply put, it collects all the informations related to PDU session management from various network components (e. The following are the primary components of the GSM architecture: The network switching system (NSS) The mobile station (MS) The base station system (BSS) The operations and support system (OSS) 1. 5G Core Objectives Jan 19, 2017 · In the last years a number of activities have defined requirements on the next generation mobile network. ir yb fw st ef ej tz rt oj yi