Botox maximum dose. The recommended dose is 200 Units of BOTOX, as 1 ml (~6.


05 vs. The recommended total dose of Botox (onabotulinumtoxinA) for chronic migraine prevention is 155 Units administered into a muscle (intramuscularly). For maximum effectiveness, Botox treatments are spaced out in intervals. 0 units per 0. In treating adult patients for oneor more indications, the maximum cumulative dose should not exceed 400 Units, in a 3-month interval. Oct 11, 2018 · Finally, Botox and Xeomin are dosed similarly (i. For example, although the maximum dose per treatment session for glabellar lines is 20 U for all sessions combined, the upper dosing limit for the therapeutic use of botulinum toxin has not been specified. Botox is used for: Chronic Migraine. Jul 29, 2021 · This expanded BOTOX ® dosing guidance provides physicians the ability to treat based on clinical assessment of a patient's spasticity and anatomy while staying within the BOTOX ® maximum cumulative dose of 400 Units in a 3-month period in adults. 9) •Blepharospasm: 1. Santamato A. This study used onabotulinumtoxinA containing the original bulk of BoNT-A (formulation contained 25 ng of toxin per 100 U). In our experience, the splenius requires a much larger dose than the sternocleidomastoid. OnabotulinumtoxinA (Botox) is considered medically necessary for continued use when initial criteria are met AND there is documentation of beneficial response (for example, reduction in monthly migraine days or hours or reduction in days requiring acute migraine-specific treatment from the time that Botox was started). Sep 4, 2023 · Botulinum toxin injection is commonly performed to chemically denervate certain muscles of facial expression for the purposes of facial rejuvenation and anti-aging. Botox therapy is generally considered a safe option for people living with spasticity. BOTOX . The groups were statistically similar in frequency, maximum time, VAS scores and adverse reaction Nov 29, 2007 · Methods— Twenty-nine hemiplegic stroke patients with shoulder pain (duration ≤24 months, pain on numeric rating scale ≥6/10) were randomized into 2 groups. 5 Units (0. • Migraine, Technology Appraisal Guidance (TA260), issued June 2012. Nov 9, 2023 · Reversal doses range from 0. 1 mL of Botox witha starting dose of 10–25 units for each temporalis muscle, 25–50 units to the masseter muscles and 7. Essential tremor Botox • Oct 2, 2009 · To improve the drooping mouth corners, I commonly use both of the following techniques -- (1) injecting filler into the mouth corner, and (2) injecting 2. %PDF-1. 236 Units = mean BOTOX ® dose in CD pivotal urine volume ≥200 mL following BOTOX injection compared to those with a maximum PVR <200 mL following BOTOX May 31, 2023 · Masseter Botox, sometimes called jaw Botox, treats several conditions caused by tightened masseter muscles. 8) •Axillary Hyperhidrosis: 50 Units per axilla (2. 11) _____ DOSAGE FORMS AND Maximum Cumulative Adult Dose: 400 Units in a 3 month period; Maximum Total Pediatric Dose: 10 Units/kg or 340 Units (whichever is lower) in a 3 month period; BotoxCosmetic (onabotulinumtoxinA) is for the treatment of glabellar, lateral canthal, and forehead lines; Botox (onabotulinumtoxinA) should be used for all other indications Storage REFERENCES: 1. 8) • Blepharospasm: 1. ; This is given as 0. When combining indications, the maximum cumulative dose in a 3-month interval should Nov 23, 2023 · In treating adult patients for one or more indications with BOTOX and BOTOX Cosmetic, the maximum cumulative dose should generally not exceed 400 Units, in a 3 month interval. Botox Cosmetic is used (FDA approved) to help smooth facial wrinkles, specifically moderate to severe forehead lines, crow’s feet lines (wrinkles near the outer corner of the eye), and frown lines between the eyebrows in adults. 25 mg/kg dose; at lower doses, full recovery usually occurs within 15 minutes in most patients, although others may require a half-hour or more. Botox. placebo; * p < 0. Electromyographic guidance, nerve stimulation, or ultrasound techniques were used to assist in muscle localization for injections. The recommended starting dose if you do not have neurological disease is 100 units. Blumenfeld AM, Silberstein SD, Dodick DW, Aurora SK, Turkel CC, Binder WJ. All patients were monitored for six months. BOTOX ® (onabotulinumtoxinA) is a prescription medicine that is injected into the bladder muscle and used:. INDICATIONS. 2. 7 Units) injections across 30 sites into the detrusor (2. history; use lower initial dose in botulinum toxin naïve patients (2. FDA approves expanded BOTOX® (onabotulinumtoxinA) label to include eight new muscles to treat adults with upper limb spasticity. 5 Units into each of 3 sites per affected eye (2. 1 ml. 2 A study evaluating 20 U compared to 30 U in African American females found that either Indication specific dosage and administration recommendations should be followed. Be sure to seek the services of an experienced physician injector. You will be given either 100 units or 200 units. Offer good only with a valid prescription for BOTOX ® (onabotulinumtoxinA). 1) Jan 17, 2022 · A maximum total dose of 250 units IncoA was applied with up to 170 units per parotid and 80 units per submandibular gland. . This is also the maximum recommended dose for treating this condition. . 3 %€„ˆŒ ”˜œ ¤¨¬°´¸¼ÀÄÈÌÐÔØÜàäèìðôøü 1 0 obj /Length 9641 /Subtype /XML /Type /Metadata >> stream application/pdf instruction Feb 11, 2020 · Patients in the single-dose group received a local injection of between 70 to 100 units of BoNT-A. 4) 2/2021 Dosage and Administration, Adult Spasticity (2. One group received intramuscular injections of BoNT-A (BOTOX 100 U total) during one session to the infraspinatus, pectoralis and subscapularis muscles in conjunction with an intraarticular injection of normal saline to painful INDICATIONS Adult Bladder Dysfunction. 10) •Strabismus: The dose is based on prism diopter correction or previous response to treatment with BOTOX (2. Patients can expect headaches and clenching to go away within a week and will see the full effects of jaw thinning about one month after treatment, when the muscle has had time to atrophy. This serves as the starting dose for patients who have had no prior medical treatments. How does Botox work? Botox works by blocking nerves which make a muscle tighten. [1][2] Selective chemodenervation of facial Oct 1, 2006 · The WE MOVE study group also suggested that the maximum total dose (for all muscles) given at one time should not exceed 12 units/kg or 400 units. For simultaneous treatment with glabellar lines seen at maximum frown, the dose is 24 Units for crow's feet lines seen at maximum smile and 20 Units for glabellar lines (see Administration guidance for glabellar lines) for a total dose of 44 Units in a total volume of 1. Overactive Bladder. 2) • Chronic Migraine: Recommended total dose 155 Units, as 0. Apr 12, 2022 · Doses required to obtain a natural Botox result in men. Facial rhytids, or "wrinkles," result from repeated contracture of the muscle underlying the facial skin, which over time causes atrophy of the overlying dermis and pleating of the skin. The following list(s) of procedure and/or diagnosis codes is provided for reference purposes only and may not be all inclusive. No definitive serious adverse event reports of distant spread of toxin effect associated with dermatologic use of BOTOX ® Cosmetic at the labeled dose of 20 Units (for glabellar lines), 24 Units (for lateral canthal lines), 40 Units (for forehead lines with glabellar lines), 44 Units (for simultaneous treatment of lateral canthal lines and Sep 30, 2023 · Maximum total dose per treatment session = 1500 Units: Spasticity, Pediatric Patients ‡ 20 Units/0. , Dysport). Having Botox in all the above areas and filler treatments in one sitting is completely safe and typical of our patients. Pharmacology, adverse reactions, warnings, and BOTOXside effects. INDICATIONS Adult Bladder Dysfunction. Mar 14, 2024 · The maximum recommended dosage of Botox for this use is 25 units into any one muscle. 1 mL (5 Units) injections per each site divided across 7 head/neck muscles (2. For the use mentioned above, the recommended dose of Botox is 155 May 31, 2024 · Botox Cosmetic is used for: Facial wrinkles. This is not the case when compared to other types of neurotoxins (i. —n = 50 patients were randomized and treated at least once; efficacy analysis was based on the 38 subjects who completed the study (subjects who dropped out after treatment were The initial recommended dose is 1. The onset time to peak effect is dose-dependent; return of twitch height to 90% of control occurs within approximately 6 minutes following administration of a 0. I like to check all of my BOTOX patients around a week after injection so satisfaction, and response can be assessed. Treatment was well tolerated and all side-effects were non-serious. The lethal dose of the Botox preparation for a person of 70 kg is calculated to be 2,500-3,000 units. Dosage and Administration: See Summary of Product Characteristics for full information. • Initial or subsequent dose exceeds FDA recommendations for indication • Cumulative Botox® dose exceeds 360 units within a 3 month period from all procedures Program Terms, Conditions, and Eligibility Criteria: 1. Nov 15, 2023 · In a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial (Study 1), 78 patients were treated with 3 Units/kg of BOTOX, and 77 patients received 6 Units/kg to a maximum dose of 200 Units of BOTOX, and were compared to 79 patients who received placebo [see Clinical Studies ]. BOTOX for injection is indicated for the treatment of overactive bladder with symptoms of urge urinary incontinence, urgency, and frequency in adults who have an inadequate response to or are intolerant of an anticholinergic medication. Pediatric dosage May 1, 2020 · onabotulinumtoxina (botox) OnabotulinumtoxinA injections are more effective than placebo in adults with chronic migraine (i. Indication specific dosage and administration recommendations should be followed. 1 mL volume at each site). dose can be gradually increased in subsequent treatments to the maximum recommended dose, if needed. The amount of Botox needed for each area will vary based on the size and bulk of the muscle and also the result you are looking for. The most frequent side-effect was dry mouth of mild severity. If they want to maintain a natural result, opt for licensed dosing. standard dose of 20 U; a. 1 mL (5 Units) injections divided across 7 specific head and neck muscle areas, for a total of 31 individual injections per session. Drug Products Accepted Dosage and Administration Condition Dosage Treatment of overactive bladder (OAB) with symptoms of urge urinary incontinence, urgency, and frequency, in adults who have an inadequate response to or are intolerant of an anticholinergic medication Overactive Bladder: Recommended total dose 100 Units, as 0. 5–10 units to the lateral pterygoids. 05 mL to 0. Nov 15, 2023 · In treating adult patients for one or more indications with BOTOX and BOTOX Cosmetic, the maximum cumulative dose should generally not exceed 400 Units, in a 3 month interval. In treating adult patients for one or more indications with BOTOX and BOTOX Cosmetic, the maximum cumulative dose should generally not exceed 400 Units, in a 3 month interval. Jan 10, 2016 · The highest cumulative dose of Botox ® studied by the FDA for limb spasticity disorders is 360 U in a 90-day interval . At our institution, we commonly use 15 to 18 units/kg for a maximum total dose at a single visit. 9 mg of sodium chloride in a sterile, vacuum-dried form without a preservative. Mar 16, 2023 · Botox is approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to help prevent headaches in adults with chronic migraine. Jul 30, 2021 · The safety profile of BOTOX in adult upper limb spasticity remains the same, with the most common adverse reactions including nausea, fatigue, bronchitis, pain in extremity and muscular weakness, the release continues. For treatment of Oct 6, 2023 · The dose of BOTOX® injected intramuscularly depends on the muscle size. Subsequent doses are individualized and are based on the patients’ response. 25 mg/kg. Nov 30, 2009 · Depending on the size of your frown-muscles, your dose of BOTOX Cosmetic will be around 20 units. Although the maximum dose per treatment session for glabellar lines is 20 U for all sessions combined, the upper dosing limit for the use of botulinum toxin has not been specified. Oct 5, 2023 · Key Points. For OAB symptoms in adults, the recommended dose is 100 units of Botox. For use in adults with detrusor overactivity caused by a neurological condition, the recommended dose is 200 units of Botox. Xeomin is a “naked” neurotoxin. 25 Units to 2. The mean maximum detrusor pressure, maximum cystometric capacity and detrusor compliance improved significantly after the treatment. Despite effectiveness of Botox injections in people with bilateral masseter hypertrophy being well documented, none of the studies uses objective methods to document and monitor treatment effects, such as shear wave elastography (SWE). The safety and effectiveness of dosing with BOTOX Cosmetic more frequently than every 3 months have not been clinically evaluated. Jan 21, 2015 · Further research is needed on the proper dosage of botulinum toxin. Dec 1, 2023 · A total dose of 3 Units/kg BOTOX (maximum 100 Units), 6 Units/kg BOTOX (maximum 200 Units), or placebo was injected intramuscularly and divided between the elbow or wrist and finger muscles (see Table 44). The primary efficacy endpoint was met and was statistically significant for Botox Cosmetic 40 and 80 units versus 20 unit in 226 subjects at 24 weeks (analysis, &ge;1 point choose to use ®Xeomin ®or Botox in Botox®-treatment-experienced individuals. This pause before removing the needle minimises the spread of botox to surrounding tissues. If you have the higher dose you will have a slightly higher chance of not being able to empty your bladder after the procedure. Small muscles such as the vocal cords receive 0. The repeat-dose group received an initial injection of 50 to 70 units that was repeated after two weeks. In treating adult patients for one or more indications with BOTOXand BOTOX Cosmetic, the maximum cumulative dose should generally not exceed 400 Units, in a 3 month interval. The amount of Botox needed to treat this area ranges between 60 and 100 units of Botox, depending on the thickness of the muscle. Studies in adults suggest that 3 U of Dysport is equivalent to 1 U of Botox. Most medications have a maximum dosage and frequency based upon body surface area or patient weight or a set maximal dosage and frequency independent of patient body size. —Assessed by investigator/trained observer at maximum frown, b. Many doctors start with 50 Botox units per hand for the treatment of palmar hyperhidrosis. , more than 15 episodes per month) but have shown no benefit in For simultaneous treatment with glabellar lines seen at maximum frown, the dose is 24 Units for crow's feet lines seen at maximum smile and 20 Units for glabellar lines (see Administration guidance for glabellar lines) for a total dose of 44 Units in a total volume of 1. Dosage and Administration Botox (onabotulinumtoxinA) the recommended total dose is 8 Units/kg (maximum 200 Units) per single upper limb or 16 Units/kg (maximum The total dose of BOTOX ® administered per treatment session in the lower limb should not exceed 8 Units/kg or 300 Units, whichever is lower 1; Localization of the involved muscles with techniques such as needle electromyographic guidance, nerve stimulation, or ultrasound is recommended 1 The mean dosage of Botox ® was 291 ± 57 U with a mean number of 29 injections into the detrusor muscle per treatment. May 29, 2023 · The dosage may vary depending on factors such as the severity of the wrinkles, individual patient characteristics, and recommendations from aesthetic professionals. Masseter Botox is also used for cosmetic purposes to slim the face down by reducing the size of the jaw muscles. Method of injection of onabotulinumtoxinA for chronic migraine: a safe, well-tolerated, and effective treatment paradigm based on the PREEMPT clinical program. Get medical help right away if you experience symptoms; further injection of BOTOX should be Feb 4, 2018 · Thanks for your message. The main difference between Xeomin and Botox has to do with the formulation. “The most common side effect is that patients may experience some Oct 27, 2015 · A very small dose of Botox (usually 0. The recommended dose is 200 Units of BOTOX, as 1 ml (~6. 1ml) is then injected into the muscle and the needle is removed after 30 seconds have passed. But your doctor will determine the right dosage to fit your needs. Nevertheless, some physicians use as much as 30 units/kg or up to 800 units. 35 Pediatric doses of BoNT-A in the treatment of children with spastic CP ranged from 12 to 16 U/kg and from 15 to 25U/Kg We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us. Lower initial dose if no prior botulinum toxin treatment; Adjust dose based on response; When treating adult patients for 1 or more indications, the maximum cumulative dose should generally not exceed 400 Units in a 3 month interval canthal lines (crow’s feet lines) seen at maximum smile and/or; moderate to severe forehead lines at maximum eyebrow elevation when the severity of the facial lines has an important psychological impact in adult patients. e. 1 mL or 50 Units/0. 20 units of Botox equals the strength of 20 units of Xeomin). In unapproved uses and in approved indications, cases of spread of effect have been reported at doses comparable to or lower than the maximum recommended total dose. 7) • Axillary Hyperhidrosis: 50 Units per axilla (2. Indication specific dosage and administration recommendationsshould be followed. A total dose of 3 Units/kg BOTOX (maximum 100 Units), 6 Units/kg BOTOX (maximum 200 Units), or placebo was injected intramuscularly and divided between the elbow or wrist and finger muscles (see Table 44). BOTOX ® Prescribing Information, July 2021. 5 Nov 5, 2019 · The drug information for Botox® states that the maximum number of units that should be used for Botox® treatment is: Four units per injection point for horizontal forehead lines Four units per injection site for vertical 11 lines Dosage and Administration, Pediatric Detrusor Overactivity associated with a Neurologic condition (2. Note: To learn more about strabismus, see the “ Other uses for Botox ” section above. High doses of botulinum toxin type A for the Feb 5, 2019 · In perioral treatments, only the smallest doses are needed. This policy provides information about the maximum dosage per administration and dosing frequency for certain medications administered by a medical professional. Jun 8, 2015 · Dosing guidelines for BoNT-A as Botox, for adults and children, have been developed by consensus. 1 mL** Upper Limb: 8 Units/kg to 16 Units/kg per limb Maximum total dose per treatment session = 16 Units/kg or 640 Units, whichever is lower; Lower Limb: 10 Units/kg to 15 Units/kg per limb Indication specific dosage and administration recommendations should be followed. Indications and dose For botulinum toxin type A Hand and wrist disability due to upper limb spasticity associated with stroke (specialist use only), Foot and ankle disability due to lower limb spasticity associated with stroke (specialist use only), Blepharospasm (specialist use only), Hemifacial spasm (specialist use only), Spasmodic torticollis (specialist use only), Severe hyperhidrosis of The dose injected into sternocleidomastoid is limited by the risk of dysphagia; the recommended dose is 50–100 units of Botox/Xeomin in two sites (SPC data) and 150 units of Dysport. Injection intervals of Botox should be according to the specific indication. 9) • Strabismus: The dose is based on prism diopter correction or previous response to treatment with BOTOX (2. 5–5. 001 vs. Listing of a code in this policy does not imply that the service described by the code is a covered or non-covered health service. 5 Units it is 100 Units/4 mL 1; The cumulative dose of BOTOX ® treatment for Blepharospasm in a 30-day period should not exceed 200 Units 1 Sep 16, 2018 · Allergan plc conducted a clinical trial to evaluate the duration of effect and safety of Botox Cosmetic 40, 60, and 80 unit doses versus Botox Cosmetic 20 unit dose in patients with moderate to severe glabellar lines. When initiating treatment, the lowest recommended dose should be used. Dosage. 25 Units-2. 1 to 0. Range of Botox Units Commonly Used history; use lower initial dose in botulinum toxin naïve patients (2. How Botox Compares to Other Hyperhidrosis Jan 21, 2023 · Initially, a maximum of 5 IU of onabotulinum toxin A can be injected and was stated to be a safe approach by the authors . In children Botox treatment is carried out either under a general anesthetic or using a ketamine anesthetic. “BOTOX has demonstrated efficacy and safety for spasticity management at clinically proven doses. Recommended Number of Botox Units . 75 U, whereas larger neck muscles may require 100-150 U and lower limb muscles may require 200-300 U to exert a desirable effect. Let’s explore the typical dosage range for crow’s feet treatment, along with expert recommendations and examples of typical dosages. Based on insurance coverage, reimbursement may be up to $1300 for the first treatment in a year and $1000 for each subsequent treatment with a maximum savings limit of $4000 per year; patient out-of-pocket expense may vary. Recommended total dose 200 Units, as 1 mL (~6. This includes teeth grinding, clenching, jaw pain , and headaches. 7 Units) injections across 30 sites in the detrusor muscle. botulinum type A, 0. 33,34 In children, maximum dosing should take into consideration the child’s weight, muscle bulk, and degree of spasticity. The dose of BOTOX is not the same as, or comparable to, another botulinum toxin product. The results last for a few months until the Botox is slowly metabolized by the body. 3) • Upper Limb Spasticity: Select dose based on muscles affected, severity of BOTOX prescription and dosage information for physicians and health care professionals. DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION _____ Indication specific dosage and administration recommendations should be followed; Do not exceed a total dose of 360 Units administered every 12 to 16 weeks or at longer intervals (2) See Preparation and Dilution Technique for instructions on . Botox & Xeomin: Differences. Jun 6, 2022 · Botox injections are common and may have some advantages over surgical treatment. To treat overactive bladder symptoms such as a strong need to urinate with leaking or wetting accidents (urge urinary incontinence), a strong need to urinate right away (urgency), and urinating often (frequency) in adults 18 years and older when another type of medicine Oct 12, 2023 · This is also the maximum recommended dose for treating this condition. Jul 27, 2022 · Side effects of Botox for spasticity. Contraindications DYSPORT is contraindicated in patients with known hypersensitivity to any botulinum toxin products, cow’s milk protein, or to any of the components in the Jul 24, 2015 · We typically use a concentration of 2. 05 per gland • The majority of dry mouth adverse reactions were mild to moderate1,2 • The frequency of common adverse reactions did not appear to be dose-dependent, except in the case of dry mouth1 *Adverse reactions for 1,500 Unit dose were only evaluated in Study 2. I hope this is helpful for you. Overall, most patients are satisfied with their sweat-free results with underarm Botox. 52 OnabotulinumtoxinA treatment significantly improved Cervical Dystonia Severity Scale scores, compared with placebo, at weeks 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10; however, most Jul 6, 2020 · The doses of incobotulinumtoxinA seem to parallel those of onabotulinumtoxinA and both the preclinical and clinical analyses have demonstrated a conversion ratio of 1:1 between onabotulinumtoxinA and incobotulinumtoxinA . When treating adult patients for multiple indications, the maximum cumulative dose should not exceed 400 units in a 12-week interval. Botox® 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 Dysport® 63 3 3 6 3 Xeomin® 3 63 3 The following NICE guidance has been issued in relation to conditions where botulinum toxin may have a place in therapy. 25 Units is 100 Units/8 mL; for 2. Below are commonly used dosages of Botox for bladder conditions. The recommended dilution to achieve 1. Jul 16, 2021 · Standard doses are marked bold; ‡ p < 0. In correlation, Gong et al. Dose (Units) Undiluted Volume (mL) 250 per gland 0. Doses, dilutions, volumes and diffusion (spread) are interrelated. A slightly higher dosage may lead to difficulties in drinking, whistling and talking [33, 34]. Nov 12, 2014 · Subjects received a maximum dose of BoNT-A of 360 U. suggested that the effect of the average dose of Botox for the treatment of gummy smile depends on the patient's gender and the severity of the gummy smile rather than the etiology . 5 mg of albumin (human), and 0. It is recommended not to exceed this dose, even when using Botox ® for multiple indications since there seems to be a relationship between the dose of botulinum toxin and the risk to develop adverse effects . This dosage is divided among the upper limb muscles in spasm. The safe and effective use of BOTOX INDICATIONS Adult Bladder Dysfunction. Sep 10, 2023 · For treatment of upper limb spasticity, a dose of 3–6 units/kg is recommended, up to a maximum dose of 200 units. reconstitution, storage, and preparation before injection (2. Dec 17, 2021 · What Is The Typical Dosage For Botox. Limiting the dose injected unilaterally into the SCM to Dysport 150 Units or less may reduce the occurrence of dysphagia. 5 to 5 Units of Botox into the muscle that normally depresses the corner of the mouth, the Depressor Anguli Oris. CERVICAL DYSTONIA In adult CD, doses up to 1000 Units (divided among affected muscles), injected intramuscularly, were systematically evaluated1 — The recommended initial dose is 500 Units given intramuscularly Apr 7, 2010 · Carruthers et al compared 10, 20, 30, and 40 U doses of Botox ® for the improvement in glabellar rhytids in females and found that dosing with 20–40 U of botulinum toxin type A was significantly more effective at reducing glabellar lines than 10 U alone. 6) 7/2021 _____ INDICATIONS AND USAGE _____ BOTOX is an acetylcholine release inhibitor and a neuromuscular blocking agent indicated for: According to clinical studies, Botox is a neurotoxin injectable that reduces the amount of armpit sweat by around 82% to 87%. For example, I use the following doses of Botox to achieve a natural looking outcome: – Glabella 20 units – Frontalis 10-20 units – Orbicularis oculi 24 units. Serious and/or immediate allergic reactions have been reported, including itching; rash; red, itchy welts; wheezing; asthma symptoms; dizziness; or feeling faint. 10) _____ DOSAGE FORMS One vial of Botox contains 100 units (U) of purified neurotoxin complex produced by C. Do not inject into blood vessels. os wk fg md yq pz bb ni lq yo