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For deeper engagement or queries on specific applications Sep 18, 2023 · If the gaussian is large, split it; If the alpha of a gaussian gets too low, remove it; This procedure helps the gaussians better fit fine-grained details, while pruning unnecessary gaussians. 016 with A. The Gaussian gravitational constant (symbol k) is a parameter used in the orbital mechanics of the Solar System. June2, 2000 Abstract Thepurpose of thispaper is toexplain howvarious thermochemicalvaluesare computedin Gaussian. Feb 3, 2014 · It was shown by Le Jan that the occupation field of a Poisson ensemble of Markov loops ("loop soup") of parameter one-half associated to a transient symmetric Markov jump process on a network is half the square of the Gaussian free field on this network. g. You’ve probably already encountered examples of the Gaussian free field: the Gaussian free field on $(0,\\infty)$ is just standard Brownian motion and the Apr 1, 2024 · This necessitates the correlation structure of the GGM to carry information about the weights on the edges of the network. Animation of Gaussian elimination. The vector field could be referred to as a magnetic field, gravitational field, or electric field when the magnetic flux is determined using Gauss’s law. Quick Links. 03 UNIX workstation source; Gaussian for Windows. We consider a whole plane Massive Gaussian Free Field (MFF) (see [25, 39] for an overview of the construction of the MFF and applications). In particular, it is the starting point for various constructions in Liouville quantum gravity. This Apr 5, 2017 · Before you start Gaussian 09W 9. 7 rule, tells you where most of your values lie in a normal distribution:. Gaussian distributions are one of the most important distributions in statistics. Sep 15, 2023 · The flowchart of the proposed Gaussian assumptions-free LDA is summarized in Fig. 03 64-bit) Gaussian for Linux. In the above plot, we have the true x and true y scattered in blue, with a handful of line plots above. LQG surface is defined using the Gaussian Free Field (GFF), a multi-dimensional-time analog of Brownian motion. Flowchart of the Gaussian assumptions-free LDA for locating informative frequency bands and fault characteristics frequencies. 3 Gaussian Free Fields. The continuum version is defined on R d or on a bounded subdomain of R d. 01 download . Share if you liked it!A free and open source implementation of 3D gaussian splatting written in C++, focused on being Dec 4, 2019 · Lecture 1: Discrete Gaussian Free Field and Scaling Limits. 01] Quick Links. Ochterski, Ph. In this paper, we introduce GaussianPrediction The Gaussian integers are the set [] = {+,}, =In other words, a Gaussian integer is a complex number such that its real and imaginary parts are both integers. 02 download . Khan Academy is a nonprofit with the mission of providing a free, world-class education for anyone, anywhere. In electronics and signal processing, mainly in digital signal processing, a Gaussian filter is a filter whose impulse response is a Gaussian function (or an approximation to it, since a true Gaussian response would have infinite impulse response). Within the paraxial approximation, a Gaussian beam propagating in free space remains Gaussian. , the beam waist radius sufficiently large), so that the so-called paraxial approximation can be applied. It aids in the creation of Gaussian input files, enables the user to run Gaussian calculations from a graphical interface without the need for using a command line instruction, and helps in the interpretation of Gaussian output (e. These line plots are samples from a multivariate normal distribution where the “mean function” (mu parameter in multivariate gaussian) is the dot product of weights (kernel output) with target (training y values) as discussed in the TL/DR, whereas the covariance is the (sigma Oct 25, 2018 · Last update: 25 October 2018. A canonical choice for such a GGM is proffered by the so-called Gaussian Free Field (abbrv. 1 Setup and main result. Feb 9, 2000 · Download PDF Abstract: We define a scaling limit of the height function on the domino tiling model (dimer model) on simply-connected regions in Z^2 and show that it is the ``massless free field'', a Gaussian process with independent coefficients when expanded in the eigenbasis of the Laplacian. With GaussView, you can import or build the molecular structures that interest you, set up, launch, monitor and control Gaussian calculations, and retrieve and view the results, all without ever leaving the application. 3 How to Generate a Gaussian Distribution from a Standard Normal. Thepaper documents what equations areused to calculate Aug 16, 2020 · 5) Gaussian distributions are self-conjugate i. Due to its shape, it is often referred to as the bell curve: Owing largely to the central limit theorem, the normal distributions is an appropriate approximation even when the underlying Jun 10, 2023 · Normal or Gaussian Distribution. For example, let AˆXn and set X A= E[XjX(x);x2A]. . Aug 30, 2022 · Last updated on: 30 August 2022. GaussView + Gaussian Utilities Oct 14, 2019 · Gaussian 16 is the latest in the Gaussian series of programs. Basis Sets; Density Functional (DFT) Methods; Solvents List SCRF Oct 6, 2016 · Level-set percolation for the massive and massless Gaussian free field, whose study goes back at least to Molchanov and Stepanov [], as well as Lebowitz and Saleur [], cf. Brothers' extensive knowledge in chemical sciences as our Senior Research Scientist here at Gaussian. , the probability that the boundary of a box of side length $2N$ is connected to the center. Recent progress in Coalescent theory (published in Ensaios matematicos) Lecture Notes Massive Gaussian Free Field on the plane. e. The Discrete Gaussian Free Field (DGFF) is a Gaussian process \(\{h_x^V:x\in V\}\), indexed by the vertices in a finite subset V of (generally) an infinite graph with covariance given by the Green function, i. Ed Brothers Joins Gaussian Team Gaussian is proud to welcome Dr. It provides state-of-the-art capabilities for electronic structure modeling. 5 Revision D. 1 Standard Gaussians The Gaussian distribution, (also known as the Normal distribution) is a probability distribution. Or in other words, it tried to model the dataset as a mixture of several Gaussian Distributions. Gaussian beams are usually (and also in this article) considered in situations where the beam divergence is relatively small (i. Suppose we know the value of q(z) at a particular value of z. Apr 11, 2024 · https://github. The basic difference between Gaussian and other free software (GAMESS or Dalton) is that you should tune most of the parameters while Gaussian usually set them automatically without you We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us. (This is an essentially final version. This is a very special solution, whereby the particle is seen to be roughly localised in a packet , which evolves in time in a rather simple way, maintaining the same general form for all time. 1. The discrete version can be defined on any graph, usually a lattice in d-dimensional Euclidean space. GFF), which is what we will focus on in this work. It appears as scaling limit of observables in many interacting particle systems, see for example Jerison et al. Dec 16, 2020 · Last updated on: 16 December 2020. , the expected number \(G_V(x,y)\) of visits to y of the simple symmetric random walk started from x and killed upon exiting V. 1 Gaussian free fields on metric graphs In this paper, we study Gaussian free fields on metric graphs of integer lattices, which are closely related to (discrete) Gaussian free fields on integer lattices. If X is a random variable distributed like N(μ, σ), and Z a standard Gaussian N(0, 1), then the relationship between Z and X is given by Propagation of Gaussian beams At a given value of z, the properties of the Gaussian beam are described by the values of q(z) and the wave vector. All calculations were performed in Gaussian 16 Rev A. Thermal corrected energies are used for all comparisons. The only requirement imposed on a Gaussian surface is that it be closed (Figure \(\PageIndex{5}\)). Fluctuations of the latter type have been previously conjectured for dimer models on planar domains with holes. We are excited for Dr. It places an important role in statistical physics and the theory of random surfaces. i have already learn how to use gaussian software from your suggested source. Just as Brownian motion is the limit of the simple random walk (when time and space are appropriately scaled), the GFF is the limit of many incrementally varying random functions on d-dimensional grids. Limitations of Gaussian Distributions: Simple Gaussian distribution fails to capture the below structure: Sep 12, 2022 · However, \(q_{enc}\) is just the charge inside the Gaussian surface. The Thermal correction to Gibbs Free Energy is calculated by: $ G_{corr} = E_{thermal} + \mathscr{k}_BT - TS_{total} $ The Sum of electronic and thermal Free Energies is the sum of the above Thermal correction and the electronic energy (also known as the single point energy since its the energy at a single point on the potential energy surface). By a Gaussian Free Field in U we mean that we have set @= V nU. In other words, the values that the noise can take are Gaussian-distributed. Let D ⊂ C be a bounded domain with smooth boundary and C ∞ 0 (D) denote the set of smooth functions compactly supported in May 17, 2024 · Gaussian 09 is the latest version of the Gaussian® series of electronic structure programs, used by chemists, chemical engineers, biochemists, physicists and other scientists worldwide. By Lemma 3 we have that Jun 4, 2024 · View PDF HTML (experimental) Abstract: For the critical level-set of the Gaussian free field on the metric graph of $\mathbb Z^d$, we consider the one-arm probability $\theta_d(N)$, i. Gaussian for Mac. May 29, 2015 · Download a PDF of the paper titled A 0-1 law for the massive Gaussian free field, by Pierre-Fran\c{c}ois Rodriguez The Gaussian free field is a random height function (technically a random distribution) that crops up frequently in both math and physics. 2. It replaces several old set of lecture notes. Similarly to Brownian motion, GFF is a centered Gaussian process which satisfies a spatial generalization of the Markov property -- the Gibbs-Markov random field property. GaussView 6 is the latest iteration of a graphical interface used with Gaussian. [], Kenyon [], Sheffield [], Wilson []. Basis Sets; Density Functional (DFT) Methods; Solvents List SCRF Thermochemistry in Gaussian JosephW. To be specific, a Gaussian distribution is symmetric and has a constant mean and variance. Operating System: Windows XP/Vista/7/8/8. Around 68% of values are within 1 standard deviation from the mean. We propose an anchor-free detector called the Gaussian aware rotated detector (GARDet) to address the above issues. Starting from the fundamental laws of quantum mechanics, Gaussian 09 predicts the energies, molecular structures, vibrational frequencies and molecular Dec 4, 2003 · The d-dimensional Gaussian free field (GFF), also called the (Euclidean bosonic) massless free field, is a d-dimensional-time analog of Brownian motion. Sep 24, 2020 · This particular probability distribution is called a Gaussian distribution, and is plotted in Figure . Based on this approach, we explain some equations of conformal field theory and outline their relation to SLE theory. 11 of ). The Gaussian free field (abbreviated GFF) has emerged in recent years as an object of central importance in probability theory. In signal processing theory, Gaussian noise, named after Carl Friedrich Gauss, is a kind of signal noise that has a probability density function (pdf) equal to that of the normal distribution (which is also known as the Gaussian distribution). 1/10 Memory (RAM): 1 GB of RAM required. but my problem is that we have no gaussian software so i need help of someone institute which allows me to use Jun 24, 2023 · Gaussian Surface. LOTOTSKY AND A. 01 for linux Mac version: Download here G16 C. massless free field or the Euclidean bosonic massless free field — or else intro-duced without a title as something like “the field whose action is the Dirichlet energy” or “the Gaussian field with point covariances given by Green’s func-tion. Linux version: Download here G16 C. In other words, whatthismeansisthefollowing: conditionalonthevaluesof houtsideU,thefieldcanbe written as the sum of two terms, one which is an independent, zero boundary GFF, and Installing and trying out the DreamGaussian for generating 3d models from text or image. It can be seen that a measurement of the particle’s position is most likely to yield the value \(x_0\), and very unlikely to yield a value which differs from \(x_0\) by more than \(3\,{\mit\Delta} x\). Its bell-shaped curve is dependent on μ , the mean, and σ , the standard deviation ( σ 2 being the variance). Moreover, this approach has been considered before in [18] in terms of reproducing kernel to define elliptic Gaussian processes. In real life, many datasets can be modeled by Gaussian Distribution (Univariate or Multivariate). Note also the slight change of title). com for their own license. In the case of Rd, the investigation leads to other types of Gaussian fields, as well as Apr 11, 2022 · The Gaussian distribution is so common that it is often called a normal distribution. The goal of these lecture notes is to describe some aspects of the continuum GFF and of its discrete counterpart defined on lattices, with the aim of providing a gentle self-contained introduction to some recent May 2, 2021 · Under the second variant, corresponding to an unrestricted dimer model on the cylinder, the fluctuations are given by the same Gaussian free field with an additional discrete Gaussian shift component. (i) We show that the solution map for the renormalized cubic NLW defined on the Gaussian free field $\mu$ is the unique extension of the solution map defined for smoothed Gaussian initial data obtained by mollification, independent of mollification kernels. D. The following figures Feb 14, 2018 · In some cases, we optimized the ARL-UD structure in addition to IV (see table below). Now you will learn an efficient algorithm for (maximally) simplifying a system of linear equations (or a matrix equation) -- Gaussian … Apr 9, 2020 · The Gaussian Free Field (GFF) in the continuum appears to be the natural generalisation of Brownian motion, when one replaces time by a multidimensional continuous parameter. com/pierotofy/OpenSplat. also [], has received renewed and considerable interest in recent times, see for instance [7, 10, 25, 28, 33]; see also [20, 27, 31] for links to the model of random interlacements, introduced by Sznitman in the influential Shape of the impulse response of a typical Gaussian filter. , you can use it to plot properties, animate vibrations, visualize computed Jul 27, 2023 · Systems of linear equations can be written as matrix equations. The Green function representation allows one to give probabilistic repre-sentation for certain conditionings. Specifically, we design a novel joint learning framework that consists of an Gaussian free field and Liouville quantum gravity, with Ellen Powell. In probability theory and statistical mechanics, the Gaussian free field (GFF) is a Gaussian random field, a central model of random surfaces (random height functions). 03. It contains two improvements: the feature alignment module (FAM) and the Gaussian dynamic label assignment (GDLA) strategy. 2. Aptech Systems offers a variety of free and discounted student packages for meeting all the latest computational and data analysis needs in and out of the classroom. height, weight, etc. to provide instructional and informational videos on Gaussian 16 and GaussView 6. SHAH Abstract. 1 Sum of independent Gaussians is Gaussian The formal statement of this rule is: Suppose that y ∼ N(µ,Σ) and z ∼ N(µ′,Σ′) are independent Gaussian dis-tributed random variables, where µ,µ′ ∈ Rd and Σ,Σ′ ∈ Sd ++. So it is quite natural and intuitive to assume that the clusters come from different Gaussian Distributions. Download : Download high-res image (553KB) Download : Download full-size image; Fig. Apr 25, 2024 · View a PDF of the paper titled Gaussian free field and Liouville quantum gravity, by Nathana\"el Berestycki and Ellen Powell View PDF Abstract: Over fourty years ago, the physicist Polyakov proposed a bold framework for string theory, in which the problem was reduced to the study of certain "random surfaces". C. Published Lecture notes. The Gaussian Free Field (GFF) is a mathematical object that continues to attract great attention from mathematicians and physicists alike. In the Gaussian distribution, most of the data are concentrated around a measure with a certain dispersion or variance. 02 for linux Gaussian 16 C. Gaussian curve with a 2-dimensional domain The normal distribution , also known as the Gaussian distribution, the most common bell curve in statistics The Gaussian function , the function used in the normal distribution, but also used elsewhere Jan 15, 2019 · The world of Gaussian processes will remain exciting for the foreseeable as research is being done to bring their probabilistic benefits to problems currently dominated by deep learning — sparse and minibatch Gaussian processes increase their scalability to large datasets while deep and convolutional Gaussian processes put high-dimensional Jan 17, 2024 · noise, log-correlated Gaussian random field and the Gaussian free field. e. Wideband noise comes from many natural noise sources, such as the thermal vibrations of atoms in conductors (referred to as thermal noise or Johnson–Nyquist noise ), shot noise , black-body radiation from the earth where: h0 is Gaussian Free Field on U, and ˚is harmonic in U. Traditional approaches like video prediction and novel-view synthesis either lack the ability to forecast from arbitrary viewpoints or to predict temporal dynamics. q(z Feb 4, 2018 · The d-dimensional Gaussian free field (GFF), also called the (Euclidean bosonic) massless free field, is a d-dimensional-time analog of Brownian motion. We present an overview of the GFF and Jan 19, 2021 · Credit: Me. 5 days ago · In two dimensions, the circular Gaussian function is the distribution function for uncorrelated variates and having a bivariate normal distribution and equal standard deviation, Video: The Free Particle: Gaussian Wavepacket We are going to study a solution to the Schrödinger equation known as a Gaussian wavepacket . DOMINOS AND THE GAUSSIAN FREE FIELD ByRichardKenyon Universit´eParis-Sud We define a scaling limit of the height function on the domino tiling model (dimer model)on simply connected regions in 2 and show that it is the “massless free field,” a Gaussian process with independent coefficients when expanded in the eigenbasis of the Jun 11, 2024 · Gaussian free field (GFF) is a generalization of Brownian motion to such spatially indexed settings. Original repository: https://github. Gaussian 16 OS X versions (GaussView 6. Apr 24, 2024 · the Gaussian distribution can be extended to multiple dimensions, resulting in what is known as the multivariate normal distribution. ) and test scores. Due to recommendations by several international groups that monitor intellectual property protection laws and the enforcement of these laws, there are a number of countries to which Gaussian, Inc. Gaussian Free Fields (abbrv. We begin with some basic definitions before stating our main results. does not license source code. In this lecture we define the main object of interest in this course: the Discrete Gaussian Free Field (henceforth abbreviated as DGFF). help@gaussian. All Gaussian distributions can be obtained from the standard N(0, 1) via a simple change of variable. ” 2 Gaussian free fields 2. All optimizations were unconstrained, and they were followed by frequency calculations to characterize the stationary points. Non-Penn researchers should contact Gaussian. Jan 5, 2011 · In these mostly expository lectures, we give an elementary introduction to conformal field theory in the context of probability theory and complex analysis. The objective of the paper is to characterize the Gaussian free field as a stationary solution of the heat equation with additive space-time white noise. Let {St: t≥0}be a continuous-time random walk on Zd with Jul 5, 2017 · Last updated: 5 July 2017. [G16 Rev. Basis Sets; Density Functional (DFT) Methods; Solvents List SCRF; @gaussian Oct 23, 2020 · Empirical rule. 01 for Mac Mar 23, 2022 · Gaussian basis sets dominate the field of quantum chemistry, since all electrons can efficiently be included in the calculation, the electronic Coulomb integrals can be evaluated analytically in the Gaussian basis, 130 and the evaluation is efficient when recursion relations are used. We consider statistical fields, and define Ward functionals in terms of their Lie derivatives. The flux of vector fields is determined by an arbitrarily closed surface in three dimensions known as a gaussian surface. 6) Sum and difference of two independent Gaussian random variables is a Gaussian. given the Gaussian likelihood function, choosing the Gaussian prior will result in Gaussian posterior. More precisely, the reproducing kernel of an elliptic Gaussian process and then its covariance function is characterized by 1. Just as Brownian motion is the limit of the … Expand May 30, 2024 · Forecasting future scenarios in dynamic environments is essential for intelligent decision-making and navigation, a challenge yet to be fully realized in computer vision and robotics. The empirical rule, or the 68-95-99. Basis Sets; Density Functional (DFT) Methods; Solvents List SCRF Feb 29, 2020 · Do you want to learn how to solve linear systems with free variables using Gauss-Jordan elimination? Watch this video and discover the method of row reduction that can help you find all possible Dec 29, 2022 · Download a PDF of the paper titled The Gaussian free-field as a stream function: asymptotics of effective diffusivity in infra-red cut-off, by Georgiana Chatzigeorgiou and 3 other authors This is the official YouTube channel for Gaussian, Inc. Edward Brothers to the team. Finally, the Gaussian surface is any closed surface in space. Gaussian 16 A. Moreover, h0 and ’are independent. Then, their sum is also Gaussian: Jan 11, 2023 · US Government customers. It is a well known fact that the process η(t) of a diffusion in any translation invariant and ergodic divergence free vector field F is (time) stationary and ergodic (see e. 2 This thermally-corrected single point energy Quick Links. Differentiable Gaussian Rasterization As mentioned earlier, 3D Gaussian Splatting is a rasterization approach, which draws the data to the screen INTRODUCTION TO GAUSSIAN FREE FIELD AND LIOUVILLE QUANTUM GRAVITY ZONGJIN (TRACY) WU Abstract. Given a real number m>0, it is a centered Gaussian random distribution (in the sense of Schwartz) with his a Gaussian Free Field on a proper domain Dwith zero boundary conditions, and in [?] his an instance of a massive free field in the whole plane. The aim of this review-style paper is to provide a concise, self-contained and unified presentation of the construction and main properties of Gaussian multiplicative chaos (GMC) mea-sures for log-correlated fields in 2D in the subcritical regime. We construct a coupling between these loops and the free field such that an additional constraint holds: the sign of the free field is some Gaussian vector. Dec 19, 2017 · The restriction of a Gaussian free field h with zero boundary conditions to (D) is the unique stochastic process such that for all f (D), (h, f) is a Gaussian ∇ centeredD variable with variance (f, f) , where we define (h, f∈) Dto mean (h, ∆f). It consists of a sequence of row-wise operations performed on the corresponding matrix of coefficients. ∇ ∇ − We finally address convergence in Sobolev spaces of negative regularity of the GAUSSIAN MULTIPLICATIVE CHAOS THROUGH THE LENS OF THE 2D GAUSSIAN FREE FIELD JUHAN ARU Abstract. Updated: April 2024. So, if we know how q(z) varies with z, then we can determine everything about how the Gaussian beam evolves as it propagates. Couplings of SLE and Gaussian free field: There is a way to couple the Schramm-Loewner evolution SLE(kappa) with the Gaussian free field so that conditioned on the path, the expected height of the field near the path is determined by the winding of the path (see the Fields Institute lectures for a precise explanation) . Feb 13, 2024 · GaussView is the most advanced and powerful graphical interface available for Gaussian. why is it Gaussian? no yes yes resulting density function yes yes yes 3. However this difference is unimportant, as locally the whole-plane Gaussian Free Field is absolutely continuous with respect to a zero boundary Gaussian Free Field in a slightly larger neighbourhood. com/dreamgaussian/dreamgaussianFo Mar 15, 2024 · This paper presents GGRt, a novel approach to generalizable novel view synthesis that alleviates the need for real camera poses, complexity in processing high-resolution images, and lengthy optimization processes, thus facilitating stronger applicability of 3D Gaussian Splatting (3D-GS) in real-world scenarios. Basis Sets; Density Functional (DFT) Methods; Solvents List SCRF Gaussian because it has a normal distribution in the time domain with an average time domain value of zero (Gaussian process). That surface can coincide with the actual surface of a conductor, or it can be an imaginary geometric surface. Jun 1, 2022 · Our main results in this paper are two-fold. It relates the orbital period to the orbit's semi-major axis and the mass of the orbiting body in Solar masses . De nition 3. Gaussian 16 is licensed for a wide variety of computer systems. Xia Hua The d − dimensional Gaussian free field (GFF) is a natural d − dimensional dimensional time analog of Brownian motion. V. By studying its limit properties we are naturally guided towards the two-dimensional case where we describe, in great level of detail, its scaling limit. This term paper will focus on the case where d = 2. 03 Linux binary versions (Intel IA32, IA64, x86-64 legacy CPUs) Gaussian 16 A. It is a continuous probability distribution that approximately describes some mass of objects that concentrate about their mean. com c 2000, Gaussian,Inc. On the mathematical front, several recent works have established GAUSSIAN FIELDS AND STOCHASTIC HEAT EQUATIONS S. In mathematics, Gaussian elimination, also known as row reduction, is an algorithm for solving systems of linear equations. 1 Standard Gaussians 2 days ago · The normal distribution, also called the Gaussian distribution, is a probability distribution commonly used to model phenomena such as physical characteristics (e. Red row eliminates the following rows, green rows change their order. Since the Gaussian integers are closed under addition and multiplication, they form a commutative ring, which is a subring of the field of complex numbers. Mar 21, 2012 · The random vector field ω kl (x) is now the curl of the massless Gaussian free field smeared out by convolution with U. The (centered) Gaussian vector with covariance G(denoted fX(x)g) is called the Gaussian Free Field (GFF) associated with Q; . 131, 132 Thanks to many decades of work on the development In image processing, a Gaussian blur (also known as Gaussian smoothing) is the result of blurring an image by a Gaussian function (named after mathematician and scientist Carl Friedrich Gauss). These packages provide students with the tools and support necessary as they advance in their knowledge and expertise. Nov 4, 2023 · The Gaussian free field (GFF) is one of the most prominent models for random surfaces. It is a widely used effect in graphics software, typically to reduce image noise and reduce detail. Liouville Quantum Gravity (LQG) surface is a natural, canonical model of describing a random two-dimensional Riemannian manifold. 4. Gaussian 16 C. , or Chap. Learn for free about math, art, computer programming, economics, physics, chemistry, biology, medicine, finance, history, and more. 01 free download, make sure your PC meets minimum system requirements. In two dimensions in particular, the GFF is conjectured (and in many cases proved) to arise as a universal scaling limit from a broad range of models, including the Ginzburg–Landau \(\nabla \varphi \) interface model [19, 27, 29], the Nov 9, 2016 · 3. jt xa ai jb wg tr ry nz um op